在过去的几年里，已经表明，深度学习系统在对抗性示例的攻击中非常脆弱。基于神经网络的自动语音识别（ASR）系统也不例外。有针对性的和未确定的攻击可以以这样的方式修改音频输入信号，使得人类仍然识别相同的单词，而ASR系统被转向以预测不同的转录。在本文中，我们提出了一种防御机制，该防御机制通过在向ASR系统馈送输入之前，通过应用慢速特征分析，低通滤波器或两者来删除来自音频信号的快速变化功能。我们对在这种方式预处理的数据训练的混合ASR模型进行了实证分析。虽然所产生的模型在良性数据上表现得非常好，但它们对针对性的对抗攻击进行了更高的稳健性：我们的最终建议的模型显示了与基线模型类似的清洁数据的性能，同时具有比较强大的四倍。

A rapid and accurate diagnosis of cardiomegaly and pleural effusion is of the utmost importance to reduce mortality and medical costs. Artificial Intelligence has shown promise in diagnosing medical conditions. With this study, we seek to evaluate how well Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems, developed my minoHealth AI Labs, will perform at diagnosing cardiomegaly and pleural effusion, using chest x-rays from Ghana, Vietnam and the USA, and how well AI systems will perform when compared with radiologists working in Ghana. The evaluation dataset used in this study contained 100 images randomly selected from three datasets. The Deep Learning models were further tested on a larger Ghanaian dataset containing five hundred and sixty one (561) samples. Two AI systems were then evaluated on the evaluation dataset, whilst we also gave the same chest x-ray images within the evaluation dataset to 4 radiologists, with 5 - 20 years experience, to diagnose independently. For cardiomegaly, minoHealth-ai systems scored Area under the Receiver operating characteristic Curve (AUC-ROC) of 0.9 and 0.97 while the AUC-ROC of individual radiologists ranged from 0.77 to 0.87. For pleural effusion, the minoHealth-ai systems scored 0.97 and 0.91 whereas individual radiologists scored between 0.75 and 0.86. On both conditions, the best performing AI model outperforms the best performing radiologist by about 10%. We also evaluate the specificity, sensitivity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV) between the minoHealth-ai systems and radiologists.

某人如何分配时间对他们的健康和福祉很重要。在本文中，我们展示了如何通过优化时间使用时间来使用进化算法来促进健康和福祉。根据来自大型人群儿童队列的数据，我们设计健身功能来解释健康结果并引入可行时间计划的限制。然后，我们研究了进化算法的性能，以优化具有不同日期结构的假设儿童的四个个人健康结果的时间使用。随着四个健康结果正在争夺时间分配，我们研究如何以多目标优化问题的形式同时优化多个健康结果。我们使用进化多目标算法优化了一周的时间使用计划，并指出在不同的健康结果方面可以实现的权衡。

近年来，在平衡（超级）图分配算法的设计和评估中取得了重大进展。我们调查了过去十年的实用算法的趋势，用于平衡（超级）图形分区以及未来的研究方向。我们的工作是对先前有关该主题的调查的更新。特别是，该调查还通过涵盖了超图形分区和流算法来扩展先前的调查，并额外关注并行算法。